Apparatus and method for placing bulbs

ABSTRACT

There is discussed a method of picking and placing bulbs, in which bulbs are supplied on a supply surface of a bulbs supply system; the bulbs being identified and picked from the supply surface with a pick-and-place head; wherein the bulbs are reoriented about a minor axis before being placed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an apparatus for picking and placing bulbs. Theinvention further relates to a method of picking and placing bulbs. Theinvention also relates to a pick-and-place head for picking and placingbulbs. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for pickingand placing bulbs.

In another aspect the invention relates to an apparatus for supplyingbulbs to a picking and placing apparatus; to a method for supplyingbulbs to a picking and placing apparatus; to a system having a bulbsupply apparatus and a picking and placing apparatus; and to a method ofsupplying bulbs and picking and placing bulbs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ornamental bulbous plants, often called ornamental bulbs or just bulbsin gardening and horticulture, are herbaceous perennials, which haveunderground or near ground storage organs. Within the general term“bulbs” there are true bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers, tuberous roots,etc.

Ornamental bulbs produce blooms as a crop for cut flower growers.Particular examples of ornamental bulbs include amaryllis, tulips,daffodils, lilies, dahlias, begonias and gladiolas.

A traditional technique to bring bulbs to bloom involves growingoutdoors in beds of soil, followed by harvesting to give a crop of cutflowers. Another technique involves forcing bulbs to bloom in hydroponicsystems. In such systems, the roots of a bulb are exposed to a soilless,aqueous, nutrient solution, typically indoors, such as in a hot house orgreenhouse. In this manner, bulbs can be forced to bloom out of theirnormal growing season.

In hydroponic blooming the bulbs are typically placed and held upright(shoot upward and roots downward) in trays or crates and their roots arethen exposed to an aqueous nutrient solution supplied into the base of,or under, the tray or crate. Forcing the bulbs to bloom may then occurwithin a week of a couple of weeks, ready for harvesting the cut flowercrop.

Two kinds of trays and crates are commonly used. One kind is an eggcrate type, and another type is a prong type. In the egg crate type,bulbs are cradled in appropriately sized recesses. In the prong-type,the bulbs are impaled (e.g. pierced skewered) onto upwardly orientedpins, such as prongs or lances, and held fast thereon. The prong typeholders have the advantages that they are able to accommodate bulbs ofvarious sizes, and that the bulbs are more firmly held againstreorientation during further handling of the tray or crate.

Examples of trays, crates and other holders for bulbs can be found inprior art patent publications. For example, Dutch patent publicationNL1032206C2 discusses a holder with engagement devices for plant bulbs,e.g. lily bulbs or tulip bulbs, with engagement devices; Dutch patentpublication NL1027087C2 discusses a container for bringing bulbs intoflower, and has a base with pins for pinning or impaling the bulbs at adistance from the base to leave a space beneath the bulbs that can befilled with water into which roots can grow; European patent publicationEP1190619 discusses a bulb container with several pockets for the bulbs;and Dutch patent publication NL1011346C1 discusses a floating tray forgrowing inter alia bulbs

It is of importance to the flower crop, that the bulbs are uprightwithin the trays or crates when they are brought to bloom. Such anorientation helps to ensure that it is the roots that are exposed to thenutrient solution, and that the height of the eventual blooms in a trayor crate are similar for harvesting and sale. If a shoot is not upwardlyoriented, e.g. it is horizontal, or downward, then it must first growpast or around the it own bulb body before growing upward, and thisresults in a bloom that is relatively vertically shorter than those ofits upwardly oriented neighbour bulbs. Hence, for efficient growth,bulbs cannot simply be poured or tipped into a tray or crate from asupply conveyor or bag, but must be carefully placed or arranged in theupright orientation.

The placing of bulbs into the trays is currently done predominantlymanually. This is labour intensive. As a result, placing the bulbs intothe trays or crates is an expensive step in the industry. In addition,the shoot-tip of a bulb can be highly sensitive to mechanical damage,such that (accidentally) rough manual handling of a bulb with an exposedshoot, may lead to failure of that bulb.

It is desirable to automate the placement of bulbs into hydroponicgrowth systems. Prior attempts have been made without completesatisfaction.

For example Dutch patent publication NL1009435, published 1999,discusses a system in which bulbs are poured into a water filled tank,where they float to the surface. The bulbs are lifted out of the waterby grid plates that are matched with trays that are pressed onto themsuch that the ends of pins are inserted in the bases of the bulbs. Suchsystems can, among other problems, be inaccurate, and can result inshoot damage during collection from the tank water.

Dutch patent publication NL1028145, published 2006, discusses a packingmethod in which a plurality of bulbs are placed onto a support in apredetermined, inverted orientation (shoot downward and roots upward),and a pin carrying tray is then pushed down onto the rooted ends of thebulbs, whereafter the pinned container with the bulbs are impaledtherein, is reinverted and used for hydroponic blooming.

Dutch patent publication NL2014327, published 2016, discusses anassembly and method for pinning bulbs into crates. In that method andapparatus, bulbs are randomly supplied on a conveyor belt and a robotwith a single nozzle suction-cup is used to collect individual bulbs byapplication of negative pressure on one side thereof. The collectedbulbs are placed in a vertically inverted orientation into anintermediate holder. An inverted crate with pins is then pushed fromabove onto the resulting array of inverted bulbs, the pins of the cratepiercing the rooted ends of the bulbs, and the tray crate with heldbulbs vertically rotated to an upright position. Similarly to NL1028145,this involves inversion and reinversion of the pinned tray or crate. Inaddition, in practical application, collection of the bulbs from theconveyor belt and accurate placement into the intermediate holder, maynot be consistently successful or accurate.

A technique for automated bulb transplanting into a soil filled cratehas been discussed by CMP Automation Inc. (http://www.cmpautomation.ca),in which method bulbs are supplied pre-oriented in foam cups upon aconveyor belt and are then transferred from the conveyor belt to a soilfilled crate via a suction cup carried on a robot arm. That techniquerequires careful pre-orientation of the bulbs prior to supply, which maybe manually arduous and lead to inaccuracies. It is also not shown touse the technique with hydroponic growing techniques, or with pinnedtrays or crates.

There is a need to improve the processes and apparatuses for placementof bulbs, in particular into hydroponic systems.

The present invention is concerned with addressing one or more the aboveconcerns, and with providing further useful devices and methods forplacing bulbs, while at the same time maintaining high levels ofeffectiveness and efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and method forsupplying, accurately picking, orienting and placing bulbs, inparticular into hydroponic systems, more particularly into hydroponicstrays, crates and other holders or containers for hydroponic growth,with excellent performance, in particular with respect to throughput,precision and reliability.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of pickingand placing bulbs, comprising:

-   -   supplying a plurality of bulbs on a supply surface of a bulbs        supply system;    -   identifying a bulb as suitable for pick up,    -   picking said identified bulb from the supply surface with a        pick-and-place head;    -   reorienting the picked bulb; and    -   placing the reoriented bulb into a holder,

wherein the method comprises:

-   -   identifying a major axis of the identified bulb,    -   identifying and selecting a minor axis of the identified bulb,        said minor axis being substantially perpendicular to the major        axis, and        wherein the step of picking said identified bulb comprises the        pick-and-place head gripping said identified bulb at opposed        ends of said minor axis, and the step of reorienting the picked        bulb comprises shifting the major axis.

In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises a step ofimpaling bulbs, shoot-first and roots-last, into a pin-bearing holder.The pin-bearing holder is preferably a pin-bearing tray or crate,examples of which are well know in hydroponic blooming of bulbs. In analternative embodiment, the bulbs may be placed into holders that do notbear pins. For example, the bulbs may be placed into holders such asvases, decorative vases, pots, dishes or ornamental holders, suitablefor direct sale to consumers as growing bulbs, for example, as growingflowers instead of as cut flowers. Again, in such embodiments, the bulbsshould not be askew, in order to benefit the growth of the bulb andimprove the ornamental value.

A pick-and-place head is a tool-head that carries out both picking andplacing of a bulb. In some embodiments, the placing can be placementinto an intermediate bulb transfer-receptacle, which temporarilyclutches the bulbs placed within it, prior to those bulbs being impaledonto upstanding pins in a pin-bearing holder. In alternativeembodiments, the placing may be a direct impalement of the picked bulbsin a pin-bearing holder by the pick-and-place head.

In line with the method above, a grasper for gripping the identifiedbulb at opposed ends of the selected minor axis offers excellent pick upcontrol and/or orientation control of the bulb, both during pick up, aswell as during placing. In particular, pick up of the bulbs from ahorizontal surface such as a conveyor belt can be complex forautomation. The bulbs lie in a variety of orientations, mainly upontheir side with either the root-end or shoot-end tilted toward thecarrying surface. Prior art attempts have attempted to pluck bulbs withsuch an attitude using a suction cup applied to the upward facing sideof the bulb. However, the present inventors have identified that suchmethods may result in lower than desired levels of pick up of bulbs, andcorrect orientation.

The present inventors have identified that problems in the prior art mayresult because the tunic of bulbs (papery outer covering) leads tounpredictable picking and carrying characteristics. In particular thetunic may shift or release from the bulb, leading to the bulb beingdropped or mis-oriented. Bulb-peeling to remove the tunic entirely couldprovide a solution to the problem, but increases labour.

Furthermore, bulb shapes are far from consistent, and not all bulbs havesurfaces, or present surfaces in the orientation upon the conveyor thatare suitable for suction cup pick up.

The present aspect of the invention picks a bulb by gripping it atopposed ends of a minor axis. This can improve pick up and orientation,because a compressive force is applied across the bulb body (the minoraxis), such that the tunic is less likely to shift or release, and thetechnique is less sensitive to irregularly shaped bulb surfaces.Preferably the selected minor axis is substantially at the thickestperpendicular cross-section of the bulb, preferably it passes throughthe thickest perpendicular cross-section of the bulb. This can provide astill surer hold on the bulb body.

Furthermore, gripping the bulb at a minor axis offers simplereorientation of the bulb, such that it can be suitably aligned forplacement into either an intermediate receptacle, or pinned into aholder. Vertical rotations of the major axis of about 90° are mostpreferred. Preferably the picked bulb is rotated to have its major axiswithin 50° of vertical, preferably within 40°, preferably within 30°,preferably within 20°, preferably within 10°, more preferably within 10°and most preferably substantially vertical. Other rotations arepossible, depending upon circumstances and the orientation oftransfer-receptacles or pinned holders.

In this respect, it is preferable that the step of reorienting thepicked bulb comprises shifting the major axis toward a substantiallyvertical orientation. That is, bulbs are typically supplied spreadacross the surface of a substantially horizontal conveyor belt. Thebulbs have an attitude in which their major axis (defined as a linerunning centrally through the shoot and roots) is close to horizontal.When pinned into a pin-bearing holder, it is desirable that the bulbmajor axis is substantially perpendicular to the base of the pin-bearingholder (i.e. substantially vertical when the tray base is horizontal; asis the case during blooming of the bulbs) with the root-end pinned andthe shoot-end facing outward.

Gripping the bulb at opposed ends of a minor axis allows for simplereorientation of the picked bulb by rotation of the picked bulb aboutsaid minor axis while it is gripped by the pick-and-place head. In apreferred example, the method involves rotating or turning the bulbabout said minor axis.

In this respect a further aspect of the invention lies in apick-and-place head for picking and placing bulbs, comprising a grasperwherein said grasper comprises opposed grasping surfaces for grasping abulb therebetween, with at least one of said grasping surfaces beingactively rotatable to rotate a grasped bulb about the selected minoraxis of said bulb. Preferably the actively rotatable grasping surface ismechanically driven preferably both of the grasping surfaces aremechanically driven for rotation.

The bulb can in this manner be easily rotated or turned about the minoraxis to align the major axis to a more vertical orientation suitable forplacement, preferably to a substantially vertical orientation.

In one embodiment, both grasping surfaces are actively rotatable.

In one embodiment, both grasping surfaces are rotatable, preferablywherein one of the grasping surfaces is freely rotatable.

In one embodiment, one of the grasping surfaces is passively or freelyrotatable.

In another embodiment one of the grasping surfaces is not rotatable, buthas a low rotational coefficient of friction, allowing a grasped bulb torotate without rotation of the non-rotatable grasping surface.

Advantageously, the grasped bulbs may be reoriented to a substantiallyinverted orientation or to a substantially upright orientation. The usermay select the desired orientation dependent upon the orientation of thereceptacle or holder the bulbs are to be transferred to.

This offers flexibility in the orientation of the further receptaclesand holders in the process. For example, in the prior art it has beenknown to provide pin-bearing crates above an array of inverted bulbs,the pin-bearing crate being driven downwardly upon the array of bulbs toimpale them, before the crate with bulbs, is then rotated to an uprightorientation to allow the bulbs to bloom. This process involves a complexsupply system for the crates, requiring raising of crates and rotationthereof, also while the bulbs have already been impaled.

The pick-and-place head preferably comprises a grasper comprising twoopposed grasper members for grasping upon a selected portion of theidentified bulb. Preferably the grasper comprises at least one elongatemember, and one of the two opposed grasping surfaces form an innersurface of the elongate member. More preferably the grasper comprisestwo opposed, elongate members the two opposed grasping surfaces beingprovided on the opposed elongate members. Preferably each elongatemember has a distal end, an inner surface of each distal end forming agrasping surface. The grasping surface of the distal end may be planar;raised e.g. a resilient rubber nub; protruding; recessed; or concavee.g. to cup a bulb's side. Appropriate configurations may be or resemblepincers, tongs, tweezers or forceps. The grasper may preferably compriseopposed fingers with distal gripping surfaces. The opposed fingers maybe pivoted at a proximal end, or may be held movably in relation to oneanother for effecting gripping and releasing motions in another manner,such as by movement laterally toward and away from one another.

The opposed fingers are preferably resiliently flexible, and preferablyformed of plastics or metal, most preferably spring steel, stainlesssteel or aluminium. A degree of resilient flex within the fingers allowsfor a firm grip upon the bulb without application of excessive forcethat might cause damage. The force applied by the grasper upon a bulbcan be controlled by pneumatics.

The pick-and-place head or grasper may be pivotable in a vertical plane.This is such that the head can collect a bulb in a horizontalorientation and rotate it into a substantially vertical orientationready for placing.

In one embodiment of the invention, the placing by the pick-and-placecan be a placement into an intermediate bulb transfer-receptacle, whichtemporarily clutches the bulbs placed within it, prior to those bulbsbeing impaled onto upstanding pins in a pin-bearing holder. The pickingand placement steps are preferably repeated to arrange more than onebulb in the transfer-receptacle, preferably 5 or more bulbs, preferably10 or more bulbs, preferably 50 or more bulbs.

Clutching of the bulbs may be done in any suitable manner, but ispreferably achieved by either a compressive gripping element, or morepreferably by application of a negative pressure.

Placement of the bulbs into an intermediate transfer-receptacle,advantageously allows optimization of the pick-and-place head forpick-and-place actions, and optimization of the transfer-receptacle forplacement of the bulbs into a pin-bearing holder. For example, in apreferred embodiment, the transfer-receptacle is configured to clutch anarray of bulbs, so that a plurality of bulbs in a fixed array can beimpaled in a pin-bearing holder in a single step.

The bulbs are preferably placed into the transfer-receptable with theshoot inward (shoot-first) and with the roots outward (roots-last), suchthat the shoot can be protected within the receptacle from damage, andthe roots are available for impalement in a pin-bearing holder.

The transfer-receptacle temporarily clutches the bulbs placed within it.This advantageously allows the transfer-receptacle to hold the bulbs aspendant, that is underneath the transfer-receptacle in someorientations. The transfer-receptacle with an array of pendant bulbs,can be pushed into contact with an upright pin-hearing holder (tray orcrate) to achieve impalement. This advantageously avoids the need toreorient the pin-bearing holders, either before or after the bulbs havebeen added.

To clutch the bulbs, the transfer-receptacle preferably has a supportsurface that abuts and supports an upper surface of the bulb, adjacentto the shoot of the bulb, and which has an aperture leading to a hollowwhere the shoot enters. This can avoid mechanical damage of the fragileshoot. In a preferred embodiment, the bulb receiving aperture is definedby an edge, wherein the aperture is sized to receive the bulb-shoot andto abut an upper surface of the bulb adjacent to the shoot, preferablyabout, and more preferably fully around the shoot.

In a preferred embodiment, an internal negative pressure is applied tothe aperture to hold the bulb in said aperture and in abutment with saidedge. The negative pressure may be supplied by any known means, such asa pump in communication with aperture. A preferred example of anaperture is comprised in a suction-cup.

In another preferred embodiment, one or more gripping elements may beprovided to grasp the bulb while held by the transfer-receptacle. Theone or more gripping elements may preferably comprise claws, fingers,legs, or similar, to hold a bulb. Preferably a transfer-receptaclegripper comprises a multi-claw gripper, preferably a tri-claw gripper orquad-claw gripper, more preferably a quad-claw gripper.

One or more, or all of the transfer-receptacle grippers may be biasedinto an open or a closed position, and driveable to an open or closedconfiguration for capturing or releasing a bulb respectively. Thetransfer-receptacle gripper may be pneumatically driven to open and/orclosed configurations. The gripping elements are preferably compressivegripping elements in that they impede upon the surface of a held bulb.The gripping elements are preferably resiliently flexible, andpreferably formed of plastics or metal, most preferably spring steel,stainless steel or aluminium. A degree of resilient flex avoidsexcessive force that might damage a bulb. In some embodiments, thecompressive gripping elements may be provided together with the negativeinternal pressure as discussed above.

In an embodiment the picked bulbs are placed, shoot-first, roots-lastinto the transfer-receptacle in a substantially inverted orientationfrom above, to provide an array of clutched, inverted bulbs. Thetransfer-receptacle is then rotated vertically to flip the bulbs into anupright orientation. Thereafter, the then pendant array of bulbs isimpaled onto upstanding pins in a pin bearing holder.

In an alternative embodiment, the picked bulbs may be placed into thetransfer-receptacle by the pick-and-place head in a substantiallyupright orientation from below the transfer-receptacle, to provide apendant array of bulbs beneath the transfer-receptacle. The rooted baseof the bulbs are then impaled onto upstanding pins in a pin bearingholder beneath the transfer-receptacle.

In another aspect of the invention, the placing of the bulbs by thepick-and-place head may be a direct impalement of the picked bulbs intoa pin-bearing holder by the pick-and-place head. In this embodiment itis preferred that the picked bulb is reoriented to a substantiallyupright orientation, while gripped by the pick-and-place head. The bulbcan then be placed into an upright holder, such as a pin-bearing tray orcrate. The steps are preferably repeated to arrange more than one bulbin the holder, preferably 5 or more bulbs, preferably 10 or more bulbs,preferably 50 or more bulbs.

It is preferred in this embodiment that there is a step of moving thepick-and-place head with gripped bulb toward said pin-bearing holder,and impaling the bulb onto upstanding pins in a pin-bearing holder,wherein the method comprises providing a shoot-side support to thepicked and reoriented bulb during impalement, preferably wherein theshoot-side support comprises a bulb abutment surface adjacent but spacedfrom the shoot, preferably the abutment surface comprises a partialring, a full ring, a frame or a scaffold.

A pick-and-place head with an upper, shoot-side, bulb support can beadvantageous because during the transfer process a bulb need only besubjected once to a grasping and placement action. This can limit thenumber of handlings a bulb undergoes. This can be advantageous inavoiding damage to bulbs (especially for bulbs that already have a shootand are thus relatively fragile) and in avoiding machine complexityrequired to maintain correct planting orientation of the bulbs whenplanting.

The abutment of the pick-and-place head preferably comprises a partialring or a ring, scaffold or frame, wherein distal end-faces abut anupper surface of the bulb adjacent but not in contact with the shoot.Such a support surface ram can be of various shapes, but is preferablycomposed of a number of elongate members with radially extending faces.The radially extending faces can abut a top of the bulb. Alternatively aring may be used, the shoot portion of the bulb passing through therings open centre, and the ring abutting the upper surface of the bulb.The support surface may, however, have any form suitable for abutting anupper surface of the bulb's body. For example, it may be planar or itmay be concave, ribbed, or contoured to generally match an abuttedsurface of a bulb. It may also be flexible or resilient to aid in theavoidance of bulb damage.

The shoot-side support and bulb can be brought into contact prior to orsimultaneously with the step of impaling the bulb, and preferably afterreorientation of the bulb.

The bulb-support element provides at least a reaction force to the uppersurface of said bulb during a bulb-impaling action, or may itselfactively pressure the bulb.

Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the pick-and-place headfurther comprises at least one bulb-support element against whichbulb-support elements a grasped bulb abuts, at least during impalementupon pins. Preferred examples of an bulb-support element include one ormore selected from the group consisting of a partial ring, a full ring,a frame or a scaffold. Preferably, the bulb-support element has a bulbengagement configuration, contacting the gripped bulb, and a bulbnon-engagement configuration, spaced from the gripped bulb.

The pick-and-place head is preferably carried by a robotic carrier,preferably a robotic arm.

In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method ofpicking and placing bulbs, comprising:

-   -   supplying a plurality of bulbs upon a supply surface of a bulbs        supply system;    -   identifying a bulb as suitable for individual pick up,    -   picking said identified bulb from the supply surface, with a        pick-and-place head;    -   reorienting the picked bulb; and    -   impaling the reoriented bulb, roots-first, onto pins in a pin        bearing holder,

wherein the method comprises:

transferring the picked bulb from the pick-and-place head, shoot-firstand roots-last, to a transfer-receptacle comprising at least onebulb-receptor, wherein said bulb-receptor temporarily clutches saidbulb.

Clutching of the bulbs may be done in any suitable manner, but ispreferably achieved by either a compressive gripping element, or morepreferably by application of negative pressure.

Placement of the bulbs into an intermediate transfer-receptacle,advantageously allows optimization of the pick-and-place head forpick-and-place actions, and optimization of the transfer-receptacle forplacement of the bulbs into a pin-bearing holder. For example, in apreferred embodiment, the transfer-receptacle is configured to clutch anarray of bulbs, so that a plurality of bulbs in a fixed array can beimpaled in a pin-bearing holder in a single step.

The transfer-receptacle temporarily clutches the bulbs placed within it.This advantageously allows the transfer-receptacle to hold the bulbs aspendant, that is underneath the transfer-receptacle in someorientations. The transfer-receptacle with an array of pendant bulbs,can be pushed into contact with an upright pin-hearing holder (tray orcrate) to achieve impalement. This advantageously avoids the need toreorient the pin-bearing holders, either before or after the bulbs havebeen impaled. To clutch the bulbs, the transfer-receptacle preferablyhas a support surface that abuts and supports an upper surface of thebulb, adjacent to the shoot of the bulb, and which has an apertureleading to a hollow where the shoot enters. This can avoid mechanicaldamage of the fragile shoot. In a preferred embodiment, the bulbreceiving aperture is defined by an edge, wherein the aperture is sizedto receive the bulb-shoot and to abut an upper surface of the bulbadjacent to the shoot, preferably about, and more preferably fullyaround the shoot. More preferably an internal negative pressure isapplied to the aperture to hold the bulb in said aperture and inabutment with said edge. The negative pressure may be supplied by anyknown means, such as a pump in communication with aperture. A preferredexample of an aperture is comprised in a suction-cup.

In an embodiment the picked bulbs are placed, shoot-first, roots-lastinto the transfer-receptacle in a substantially inverted orientationfrom above, to provide an array of clutched, inverted bulbs. Thetransfer-receptacle is then rotated vertically to flip the bulbs into anupright orientation. Thereafter, the then pendant array of bulbs isimpaled onto upstanding pins in a pin bearing holder.

The method may preferably further comprise providing thetransfer-receptacle in a first orientation and placing each picked bulbinto a each of a plurality of bulb-receptors, shoot-first and rootslast;

rotating said transfer-receptacle in a vertical plane to a secondorientation in which the bulbs clutched in the bulb-receptors are at anattitude from substantially horizontal to substantially upright, priorto the impaling step; and wherein the method comprises the step ofimpaling the bulb in said holder while the bulb is the bulb-receptor.

In one embodiment, the transfer-receptable is initially oriented withthe at least one bulb-receptor at an underside, and a pick-and-placehead is arranged to place picked bulbs into said bulb-receptor frombelow at an attitude selected from substantially horizontal tosubstantially upright.

In one embodiment, the picked bulb is transferred in a substantiallyinverted orientation, and placed atop the transfer-receptable, and themethod comprises the steps of reorienting the transfer-receptacle toupright the bulb, and thereafter impaling the upright bulb ontoupstanding pins in said pin-bearing holder while the bulb is clutched insaid bulb-receptor.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a transfer-receptablefor receiving bulbs, may be provided, said transfer receptaclecomprising an array of bulb-receptors configured to temporarily clutch aplurality of bulbs, wherein said bulb receptors each configured toreceive a bulb-shoot and abut an upper surface of the bulb adjacent tothe shoot, preferably about the shoot.

Preferably, the each bulb-receptor is provided with an aperture definedby an edge, wherein the aperture is sized to receive a bulb-shoot and toabut an upper surface of the bulb adjacent to the shoot, preferablyabout the shoot.

In an embodiment, a source of negative pressure is preferably applied tothe apertures, preferably by way of a pump in communication with thebulb-receptors, to clutch said bulbs in abutment with the edges of theapertures. A preferred example of a bulb-receptor is a suction-cup.

In an embodiment one or more (compressive) gripping elements may beprovided to grasp the bulb while held by the transfer-receptacle andpreferably to clutch said bulbs in abutment with the edges of theapertures.

In an embodiment negative pressure and gripping elements may beimplemented together.

In a preferred embodiment, the array of bulb-receptors is verticallyrotatable, preferably rotatable between an orientation in which clutchedbulbs are inverted, to an orientation in which clutched bulbs areupright.

Still more preferably the array of bulb-receptors is vertically moveableto press held bulbs into a holder, preferably a hydroponic holder,preferably a hydroponic holder bearing pins.

The transfer-receptacle is preferably arranged to receive an array of 5or more bulbs, preferably 10 or more bulbs, preferably 50 or more bulbs.

In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided, an apparatusfor picking and placing bulbs, comprising:

a bulbs supply system for supplying a plurality of bulbs;

a camera system for identifying the orientation of supplied bulbs usingpattern recognition; and at least one, but preferably both, of:

a pick-and-place head as discussed above,

a transfer-receptacle as discussed above.

In a preferred embodiment, the pick-and-place head is carried on arobotic carrier, preferably a robotic arm.

In a still preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises a supply of pinbearing hydroponic holders, preferably trays or crates; and thetransfer-receptacle and the holder supply system are configured forrelative movement to impale bulbs in the pin bearing holders.

In the above apparatus the bulb supply system preferably comprises asupply surface that is substantially horizontal. This aids in a stabledispersion of the bulbs over the supply surface because the bulbs remainstably immobile unless purposefully agitated for dispersion. Theapparatus may be configured such that the pick-and-place head picks upidentified bulbs at opposed ends of a selected minor axis depending upondata from one or more images obtained with the camera system.

Preferably, the apparatus is provided with any of the pick-and-placeheads as described above.

In general application to the various aspects of the invention, a bulbssupply system comprises a moveable surface for supporting the suppliedbulbs. The moveable surface preferably comprises the substantiallyhorizontal supply surface. Use of a moveable surface may aid inspreading the bulbs, and so aid in identification and pick-up ofindividual bulbs among the plurality of bulbs.

The moveable surface may be moveable in dependence on one or more imagesobtained via the camera system. On the basis of the actual placement andorientation of bulbs in the supply system a movement program may beexecuted for controlling movement of the moveable surface.

Movement of the surface may be used to haphazardly distribute ordisperse the bulbs over the horizontal supply surface. Vibrating,shaking, pulsating, jabbing, wave imparting, and irregular motions maybe used to disperse the bulbs. A discussion of various movements andsuitable systems are found in international patent publicationWO2013/174893, the contents of which is herein incorporated in itsentirety by reference.

In a further embodiment of the method the bulbs supply system comprisesa conveyor belt, and the conveyor belt comprises the substantiallyhorizontal supply surface.

As discussed above, in an aspect of the invention, there is provided abulb supply system. The bulb supply system may be used in combinationwith picking and placing devices as discussed herein and methods asdiscussed herein, or with other devices or methods in which a controlledsupply (e.g. single-file supply) of bulbs is desired.

In the common course of events, bulbs are supplied to a planter in largecrates or boxes. When the bulbs are manually picked and placed, they maybe spread across a picking surface or conveyor from which workers canpick the bulbs. For automated pick and place systems and methods usingcamera imaging for identification and robot arm mounted grippers; or forsupplies to a restricted surface area for picking by a worker; a morestructured supply may be desirable. In particular, a controlledseparation and distribution of the bulbs may be advantageous to improveaccuracy and/or efficiency.

In particular, the picking and placing discussed herein may benefit froma handling system that provides the bulbs with a predetermined spacingand/or alignment upon a transport device (e.g. conveyor). An apparatusthat can consistently provide bulbs at a predetermined spacing and/oralignment may thus be desired.

In an aspect, there is provided a bulb supply system comprising:

-   -   an elongate transport-conveyor comprising a bulb-carrying volume        through which bulbs are to be compelled;    -   a plurality of spaced interference-flights adjacent to and        intruding into said bulb-carrying volume;    -   a bulb-feeder arranged to supply bulbs laterally to the elongate        transport-conveyor.

The elongate transport-conveyor compels and transports bulbs through abulb carrying volume. The objects may be compelled via interaction witha moving conveying element, or via gravity induced conveyance such aswhen the elongate transport-conveyor is a slope with suitably lowfriction, and/or vibrated or shaken. A moving conveying element ispreferably a conveyor belt, preferably an endless loop conveyor belt.Other conveying elements may comprise a table-top, linked chain, movingfluid (e.g. air conveying). In any of these embodiments, the objects mayproceed through the object space at a velocity equal to or less than thefull compelled velocity.

The bulbs may slide or slip along one or more support elements of thetransport-conveyor and may preferably proceed at a velocity equal to orless than a velocity of the transport-conveyor or its carrying elements.

Preferably the interference-flights are attached to a common flightcarrier element arranged to compel the interference flights through thebulb-carrying volume. The plurality of flights may be disposed atregular intervals upon a carrier belt or chain, and be compelled totraverse a closed path. The spacing is substantially maintained as theflights are compelled to follow the closed path. The flights proceedalong the path from an upstream direction to a downstream direction.

The flights interfere with the bulb carrying volume of thetransport-conveyor, dividing the bulb carrying volume into a series ofdiscrete, intra-flight volumes proceeding from upstream toward thedownstream direction. The flights are spaced to create intra-flightspaces at least large enough to accommodate the bulbs to be transported.

The flights may extend from the flight carrying element in anyorientation suitable to the bulbs being transported. In one embodiment,the flights extend horizontally from a substantially vertical flightcarrying belt, e.g. perpendicular to a horizontal bulbtransport-conveyor (see FIGS. 10 to 15 below). In another embodiment,the flights may extend vertically from a substantially horizontal flightcarrying element e.g. parallel to a horizontal bulb transport-conveyor.

In use, each flight transitions repeatedly between a non-interferingposition with respect to the bulb-carrying volume of the transportconveyor, and an interfering position with respect to the bulb-carryingvolume, as it moves along its fixed path.

The flights are constrained to move along the variable path, preferablyat a fixed speed.

The conveyance speed of the flights is preferably different (i.e. fasteror slower than) to the conveyance speed of the transport conveyor.

The speed of the flights is preferably less than the bulb transportspeed of the transport conveyor. The bulbs captured in the intra-flightvolumes then come into abutment with a downstream flight's rear surfaceand slip with respect to the transport conveyor. Preferably one or moreof the interference-flights are shaped on at least a rear side thereofto cup or cradle bulbs within the bulb-carrying volume. The cupping orcradling can lead to positioning of the bulb laterally within thebulb-carrying volume. This is aided by the faster running transportconveyor pushing the bulb into engagement with the rear-side of itsdownstream flight.

The bulbs proceed from the flighted portion of the transport-conveyor,with even spacing, to the downstream operations.

The fixed speed of the flights may be greater than the bulb transportspeed of the transport conveyor. The bulbs captured in the intra-flightvolumes then come into abutment with an upstream flight's front surfaceand slip with respect to the transport conveyor, i.e. are pushed overthe slower moving transport conveyor. In this exmaple, preferably one ormore of the interference-flights are shaped on at least a front sidethereof to cup or cradle bulbs within the bulb-carrying volume. Thecupping or cradling can lead to positioning of the bulb laterally withinthe bulb-carrying volume. This is aided by the faster running flightscollecting the bulb into engagement with its front side.

The bulbs proceed from the flighted portion of the transport-conveyor,with even spacing, to the downstream operations.

The velocity of the flights and the transport-conveyor are preferablyindependently variable and controlled. The relative velocity of theflights and the transport-conveyor can be altered to achieve desiredspacing of the bulbs as they are released toward the picking zone.

In preferred use, bulbs are compelled to move through a bulb-carryingvolume located adjacent to and above the transport conveyor. One or moreinterference-flights (acting as bulb capture elements) are disposed andmoved along a constrained path such that they intrude (at leasttemporarily) into the bulb-carrying volume.

Preferably, the flights above the conveyor travel at a different speedto the conveyor itself, so that the bulbs are moved into contact withthe flights. In a preferred embodiment the flights are shaped to cup abulb such that is partially held or encouraged to a particulartransverse position on the conveyor. The flights may be concave, cuppedor angled with a recess to catch a bulb and motivate it into atransverse alignment, possibly a central alignment on the conveyor.

Preferably the conveyor runs faster than the flights, such that thebulbs on the conveyor are brought into contact with the flights frombehind in the direction of transport, and flights are shaped to cup abulb on a rear surface.

A bulb-feeder (bulb-divider) is arranged to supply bulbs laterally tothe elongate transport-conveyor. The bulb-feeder preferably comprises asupply tray comprising a series of, preferably generally parallel,supply lanes, which supply lanes compel bulbs carried by them towardsthe elongate transport-conveyor. The supply lanes may be any kind ofactively driven conveyor; passive (gravity) based conveyor; or acombination of both. Preferably the supply lanes are sloped and compelthe bulbs by gravity. Alternatively or in additionally, the bulb-feedermay be vibrated or shaken to encourage movement of the bulbs along thesupply lanes.

An operable barrier may be provided to selectively control passage ofbulbs from the supply lanes to the elongate transport-conveyor. Theoperable barrier is preferably provided with a first moveable barrierand a shift-barrier adjacent and upstream of the first moveable barrier.

The first moveable barrier acts to block passage of bulbs from thesupply lanes to the elongate transport-conveyor, and can be moved from ablocking position to a release position. The movement may convenientlybe a reciprocal vertical retraction and extension into the path of thesupply lanes.

The shift-barrier is upstream and adjacent to the first moveablebarrier. It has an upper surface upon which a bulb is able totemporarily rest when the shift-barrier is in a retracted position. Theupper surface preferably extends at least 1 cm, preferably 2 cm in thedirection of the supply lanes. The upper surface preferably extendsmaximally 10 cm, preferably 5 cm in the direction of the supply lanes.

Upon actuation of the operable barrier, the first moveable barrier andshift-barrier cycle through blocking and release positions to supply,preferably just one, bulb per supply lane to the elongatetransport-conveyor. In a first blocking position, the first moveablebarrier is extended blocking the supply lanes, while the shift-barrieris retracted so that a bulb from a supply lane may rest upon its uppersurface (the upper surface extends in the direction of the supply laneto provide a temporary bulb-seat). In a bulb release position, the firstmoveable barrier is retracted so that it no longer blocks the supplylanes, and the shift-barrier is raised or otherwise moved to propel thebulb onto the elongate transport-conveyor. In this respect, theshift-barrier upper surface is preferably angled to propel a bulb towardthe transport conveyor.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more return-conveyors may be providedadjacent one or more of the supply lanes. In the event the supply chutes(linear feeders) supply too many bulbs, or a bulb is misaligned, theexcess misaligned bulbs shift to the return-conveyor and are transportedby the return conveyor to an input of the linear feeder(s).

An object sensor may be disposed to detect the presence or absence ofbulbs within one or more volumes between the spacedinterference-flights, and insertion of bulbs to the bulb carrying volumemay be done in registration with one or more empty compartments betweenthe interference-flights.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a bulb supplysystem comprising:

an elongate transport-conveyor comprising a bulb-carrying volume throughwhich bulbs are to be compelled;

a plurality of spaced interference-flights adjacent to and intrudinginto said bulb-carrying volume;

a bulb-feeder arranged to supply bulbs laterally to the elongatetransport-conveyor.

In another aspect a method is provided for transporting discrete bulbsalong a path, the method comprising steps of:

a. providing a plurality of spaced interference-flights adjacent to andintruding into a bulb-carrying volume of an elongate transport-conveyor;

b. supplying bulbs into intra-flight volumes;

c. transporting the bulbs of step b. along the transport conveyor.

Preferably the bulbs are fed substantially laterally to the elongatetransport conveyor, that is, to one or more of the lateral sidesthereof.

The method preferably further includes the step of transporting thebulbs to a downstream object handling system. The downstream handlingsystem is preferably any of the pick and place systems as discussedherein.

The interference-flights are preferably compelled more slowly than thetransport conveyor.

The supply system and method as described so supply bulbs on a linearfeeder, dropping them one by one into intra-flight volumes of a secondconveyor, which in turn coveys a single-file, spaced line of bulbs to apicking area. A single-file, regularly spaced line of bulbs allows for arelatively easy identification and pick up of a bulb by either a workeror a robot arm picker; and maintains regularity in supply forefficiency.

In a preferred aspect, there is provided a system in accordance with anyof the appended claims, in which the bulb supply system or bulb supplystep(s) accords with any of the preceding paragraphs discussing thesame.

In a further embodiment identified bulbs are grasped at opposed ends ofa minor axis, in dependence on one or more images obtained with thecamera system.

The apparatus for may comprise a computer system comprising a processorwith peripherals to enable operation of a method of pick and placingbulbs as described above. The processor may be connected with one ormore memory units which are arranged for storing instructions and data,one or more reading units, one or more input devices, such as akeyboard, touch screen, or mouse, and one or more output devices, forexample a monitor. Further, a network Input/Output (I/O) device may beprovided for a connection to the networks.

The processor may comprise several processing units functioning inparallel or controlled by one main processor, that may be locatedremotely from one another, possibly distributed over the local areanetwork, as is known to persons skilled in the art. The functionality ofthe present invention may be accomplished by a combination of hardwareand software components. Hardware components, either analogue ordigital, may be present within the processor or may be present asseparate circuits which are interfaced with the processor. Further itwill be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that softwarecomponents that are executable by the processor may be present in amemory region of the processor.

Embodiments of the method may be stored on a computer readable medium,for example a DVD or USB-stick, for performing, when executed by theprocessor within the bulb placement apparatus, embodiments of themethod. The stored data may take the form of a computer program, whichcomputer program is programmed to implement an embodiment of the methodwhen executed by the computer system after loading the computer programfrom the computer readable medium into the computer system.

As used herein the term “upright” referring to a bulb indicates anorientation which is shoot upward and roots downward, with the majoraxis within 60° of vertical, preferably within 45° of vertical,preferably within 30° of vertical, preferably within 20° of vertical,preferably within 10° of vertical, and most preferably substantiallyvertical

As used herein the term “inverted” referring to a bulb indicates anorientation which has the shoot below horizontal, and preferably within60° of vertical, preferably within 45° of vertical, preferably within30° of vertical, preferably within 20° of vertical, preferably within10° of vertical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various aspects of the invention will be further explained withreference to embodiments shown in the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a hydroponics tray filled withupright bulbs;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a hydroponics crate filled withupright bulbs;

FIGS. 3A-D show an apparatus for picking and placing bulbs intohydroponic trays or crates;

FIG. 4 shows a pick-and-place head;

FIG. 5 shows a pick-and-place head grasping a bulb

FIGS. 6A-6D show a gripped bulb in various orientations;

FIG. 7A is a cross-section through an array of bulbs in atransfer-receptacle comprising suctions cups;

FIG. 7B shows a transfer-receptacle gripper with compressive grippingelements;

FIG. 7C shows the transfer-receptacle gripper of FIG. 7B, holding abulb;

FIG. 7D shows a cross-section of the transfer-receptacle gripper of FIG.7B holding a bulb;

FIG. 7E shows the transfer-receptacle gripper of FIG. 7C, ejecting thebulb;

FIG. 7F shows a cross-section of the transfer-receptacle gripper of FIG.7E;

FIG. 7G shows a row of the transfer-receptacle grippers of FIG. 7B;

FIG. 7H shows a transfer-receptacle comprising two rows oftransfer-receptacle grippers of FIGS. 7B to 7F;

FIG. 8 shows an alternative pick-and-place head with a bulb-support;

FIG. 9 shows the pick-and-place head of FIG. 8 in a impalingconfiguration

FIGS. 10A and 10B show an apparatus for picking and placing bulbsprovided with a bulb supply system, FIG. 10A is a perspective view, andFIG. 10B is a plan view;

FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show the bulb supply system of FIGS. 10A and 10Bin plan view, perspective view, and plan view respectively;

FIG. 12 shows a bulb spacer comprising interference flights upon acommon flight carrier, as also provided in FIGS. 10 to 11;

FIGS. 13A and 13B show a lateral feeder for feeding individual bulbslaterally into intra-flight volumes;

FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C show the bulb supply system in use feedingindividual bulbs laterally into intra-flight volumes; and

FIGS. 15A to 15B show the bulb supply system in use feeding individualbulbs laterally into intra-flight volumes.

DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The following is a description of various embodiments of the invention,given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a hydroponic tray 4 filled withupright bulbs 2. The bulbs 2 are impaled upon upright pins (not shown)as is known in the art. The bulbs 2 may be forced to bloom byhydroponics when in such a tray 4. An aqueous nutrient solution isprovided to the root-side (the underside in FIG. 1) of the bulbs 2 andbulb tray 4. The resultant blooms (not shown) can be harvested as acut-flower crop. In order to give reasonable consistency in the heightof eventual blooms, the bulbs 2 are upright and vertically oriented.While the shown trays and crates are adapted for hydroponics, theinvention is not limited to handling of bulbs in hydroponics systems,and the holders may also be non-hydroponic holders, such as sand or soilcontaining trays or crates, (ornamental-)vases, or (ornamental-)dishes.FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a hydroponic crate 6 filled withupright bulbs 2. The crate 6 is an alternative to tray 4.

FIG. 3 shows an apparatus 8 of picking and placing bulbs into hydroponictrays 4. The apparatus is provided with a bulb supply system in the formof a single-file conveyor belt 10, upon which bulbs 2 are supplied to apicking-zone of a pick-and-place head 12 carried by robot arm 14. Theconveyor belt 10 may be any type of conveyor belt, for example acontinuous loop conveyor belt. Alternatives to conveyor belts are knownand may be used, for example, a line of rotating friction surfaces orbrushes that propel a bulb 2 lying atop of them.

The bulbs 2 may be bulbs of any sort, and may include bulbs 2 that arealready sprouting. A bulb is a roughly ovoid object, although there ismuch variation. For the present disclosure, a bulb 2 has a major axis X(FIG. 3) running centrally through its shoot-end 16 and roots-end 18. Aminor axis Y of the bulb runs perpendicular to the major axis X, throughthe substantially thickest cross-section of the bulb's main body 20. Themain body 20 of a bulb 2 is comprised of scales and a basal stem.

The bulb supply system 10 may comprise a bulb inlet for supply of bulbs2 to the bulbs supply system 10. The bulbs 2 may be placed onto thebulbs supply system 10 via an opening, either manually by a humanoperator or automatically, for example via a conveyor belt. An apparatusfor supplying bulbs to the single-file conveyor belt 10 of FIG. 3 isshown in FIGS. 10 to 15.

The shown bulbs supply surface 10 is horizontal, and this provides for astable distribution of the bulbs over the surface. Supply surfacesangled slightly from horizontal are possible and may still provide astable distribution, but are not preferred.

The apparatus is further provided with a tray 4 or crate 6 supply systemin the form of conveyor belt upon which trays 4 or crates 6 are suppliedto an impalement zone. The conveyor belt may be any type of conveyorbelt, for example a continuous loop conveyor belt.

The apparatus further comprises a camera system 22 (shown in FIG. 3D)for identifying the position and orientation of individual bulbs 2. Thecamera system 22 comprises one or more cameras. Based on images obtainedwith the one or more cameras, bulb 2 position and orientation areidentified using pattern recognition techniques. For example, the camerasystem 22 may be arranged to identify the shoot-end 16, roots-end 18, amajor axis X and a minor axis Y, of a bulb 2. The images provided by thecamera system 22 may be any type of suitable image including2-dimensional images and 3-dimensional images. In the case of3-dimensional imaging, the camera system 22 generally includes more thanone camera.

The apparatus further comprises a pick-and-place head 12. Thepick-and-place head 12 is communicatively coupled to the camera system22. The pick-and-place head 12 is arranged for picking up bulbs 2identified by the camera system 22, the pick-and-place head 12 graspsthe bulb 2 at opposed ends of the identified and selected minor axis Yand picks it from the supply system 10. The pick-and-place head 12 ofFIG. 3 is further arranged to reorient a picked bulb 20 into avertically, inverted orientation (shoot-down; roots-up) by rotating itabout the minor axis Y, while it is gripped. For this purpose, the bulbposition (for example using Cartesian-coordinates, as will be understoodby a person skilled in the art) and the orientation of the bulb areobtained using images from the camera system 22 in combination withpattern recognition. The pick-and-place head is discussed in more detailin relation to FIGS. 4 and 5.

The shown pick-and-place head 12 is carried by a robot arm 14. The robotarm 14 is preferably provided with a number of degrees of freedom toposition and orient the pick-and-place head for pick up, transport, andplacement of picked-up bulbs.

In some applications a robot arm 14 having 4 degrees of freedom isprovided, i.e. 3 rotation axes, where one axis is arranged to allowtransfer along the axis (preferably in a direction substantiallyperpendicular to the bottom surface of the bulbs supply system) issufficient. In alternative applications a more sophisticated robot arm14 is provided, for example a robot arm 14 capable of picking up bulbsin a variety of three-dimensional (3D) orientations using 3D-images.These more sophisticated robot arms 14 may be arranged to operate with 6degrees of freedom.

The robot arm 14 is programmed to move the pick-and-place head 12 to aselected bulb 2 on the supply surface of the bulbs supply system 10, andto position the pick-and-place head 12 into a suitable orientation tograsp, i.e. pick, a bulb 2. For this purpose, the bulb 2 position (forexample using Cartesian-coordinates, as will be understood by a personskilled in the art) and the orientation of the blub are obtained usingimages from the camera system 22 in combination with patternrecognition.

Once the pick-and-place head 10 has grasped the bulb 2, the robot arm 32is programmed to move the pick-and-place head 10 along with the graspedbulb 2 to an unoccupied bulb-receptor 28 of a transfer-receptacle 26.

The transfer-receptacle 26 comprises a single-file array ofbulb-receptors 28. More detailed views of the bulb-receptors are foundin FIGS. 3B, 3C and 7. The bulb-receptors in transfer-receptacle 26 aare initially in a vertically inverted orientation (FIG. 3B), andreceive vertically inverted bulbs 2 from the pick-and-place head 12, ina shoot-first, roots-last orientation from above. The bulbs 2 arereceived into the bulb-receptors shoot-first, and are clutched thereinunder a negative internal pressure within each bulb-receptor 28.

Once the array of bulb-receptors 28 is filled with bulbs 2 by thepick-and-place head 12, the array of bulb-receptors 28 rotate verticallythrough 180° to take on an upright orientation as for transferreceptacle 26 b of FIG. 3, enlarged in FIG. 3C. The then upright bulbs 2in transfer receptacle 26 b are impaled upon upstanding pins withinsupplied trays 4 or crates 6 below the transfer receptacle 26 b. Thepicking, placing and impaling is repeated to fill supplied trays 4 orcrates 6. Once filled to the desired level, the trays 4 or crates 6, aretransported to bulb growth environment for hydroponic blooming.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show views of an embodiment of a pick-and-place head 12for attachment to a robot arm 14 via a connector 32. The pick-and-placehead 12 is provided with a grasper 36 arranged for picking up a bulb 2at opposing ends of a minor axis Y. The shown grasper is particularlysuitable for grasping the main body 20 of a bulb 2.

The grasper 36 comprises two opposed members 38 a, 38 b. The members 38a, 38 b are generally pincer shaped, and extend from a proximal end to adistal end. The members 38 a, 38 b are adjoined to the body of thepick-and-place tool 12 at their proximal ends and converge with oneanother toward their distal ends so as to form pincers for grasping abulb 2.

Each member 38 a, 38 b is provided on an inner surface of its distal endwith a grasping surface 40 a, 40 b for grasping the main body of thebulb 2. The grasping surfaces 40 are provided with flexible or resilientradially inward projections the illustrated frustoconical form isadvantageous, but exemplary only. The projections resiliently engage aside surface of a bulb 2, as shown in FIG. 5. The projections may becontoured or ribbed to aid in grasping the bulb 2. The bulb 2 is graspedby applying a compression force between the grasping surfaces 40 a, 40b.

The members 38 a, 38 b are preferably resiliently flexible transverse tothe grasping direction. Such resilient flex provides a firm grasp on thebulb 2, while at the same time avoiding an excessively forceful clampingthat might damage a bulb 2. Forming the members 38 a, 38 b fromresiliently flexible plastics or metals can achieve this flex. Themembers 38 a, 38 b preferably comprise spring steel, stainless steel,aluminium, or aluminium alloys in this respect.

The members 38 a, 38 b are movable transversely toward and away from oneanother. This is achievable by opposing movement of the attachmentblocks 42 a, 42 b to which the members 38 a, 38 b are respectivelyjoined at their proximal ends. By movement of the attachment blocks 42a, 42 b toward one another, the grasping surfaces 40 are broughttogether and grasp upon the bulb 2. It will be clear to the skilledreader that the members 38 a, 38 b could be brought together by othermovements. For example, the members 38 a, 38 b could be hinged to oneanother at a distal position, and pivoted toward and away from oneanother for grasping and releasing respectively.

At least one of the grasping surfaces 40 is driven for active rotation,to rotate the grasped bulb 2 about the minor axis Y as illustrated byarrow Z in FIG. 5. In this manner the bulb can be reoriented from agenerally horizontal orientation to a more vertical orientation. Thedriven rotation may be achieved by any known means such as via anelectrical motor. In FIG. 6A the bulb 2 has been reoriented to bevertically inverted; in FIG. 6B the bulb 2 has been reoriented to bevertically upright; in FIG. 6C the bulb 2 has been reoriented to have anupward attitude at about 45° to from horizontal; and FIG. 6D has beenreoriented to have an attitude opposite to that shown in FIG. 5. Whilevertically upright and vertically inverted attitudes are generallypreferred for placing bulbs into transfer-receptacles or holders; otherorientations may be used as suitable, for example, those orientationsshown in FIGS. 6C and 6D may offer alignment for holder, e.g. trays orcrates supplied in a non-horizontal state.

FIG. 7A shows a cross-section through an array of bulbs 2 in atransfer-receptacle comprising bulb-receptors 28 in the form of suctionscups. Four bulb-receptors 28 are shown.

Each bulb-receptor 28 is provided with a bulb aperture 44 sized toreceive the bulb-shoot and to abut an upper surface 46 of the bulbadjacent the shoot 16, preferably about the shoot 16. The shoot 16 isreceived within a hollow within the bulb-receptor 28, and is thusprotected from mechanical damage.

The aperture 44 of the bulb-receptor 28 is preferably flexible andresilient to form a flexible engagement and at least partial seal withthe bulb's 2 upper surface 46. A natural or synthetic rubber typematerial is suitable to achieve this. A gasket or sock may in particularbe applied.

The bulb-receptors 28 are commonly in communication with a negativepressure, vacuum, via manifold 50. The negative pressure is calibratedto firmly clutch bulbs 2 into engagement therewith, for example to avoidloss due to gravity when pendant, without causing damage thereto.

FIG. 7B shows another embodiment of a bulb receptor 128 comprising fourcompressive gripping elements 160 in the form of fingers or claws, whichare preferably resiliently flexible being formed of plastics or metal,most preferably spring steel, stainless steel or aluminium.

The number of gripping elements 160 may be fewer or greater than four,and preferably may be from three to six, most preferably three or four.

Preferably the distal ends 162 of the compressive gripping elements 160are angled to glide over a bulb 2 as it is placed between thecompressive gripping elements 160.

Preferably the distal ends 162 of the compressive gripping elements 160are angled to (partially) enclose a bulb 2 when it is held between thecompressive gripping elements 160.

As with the embodiment of FIG. 7A, a bulb aperture 144 is sized toreceive the bulb-shoot and to abut an upper surface 46 of the bulbadjacent the shoot 16, preferably about the shoot 16. The shoot 16 isreceived within a hollow 166 within the bulb-receptor 128. The shoot 16may be protected from mechanical damage and/or the bulb 2 may besupported in the correct orientation by the aperture's rim.

The aperture 144 of the bulb-receptor 28 is preferably flexible andresilient to form a flexible engagement and at least partial seal withthe bulb's 2 upper surface 46. A natural or synthetic rubber typematerial is suitable to achieve this. A gasket or sock may in particularbe applied.

The compressive gripping elements 160 are provided to grasp the bulbwhile held in the transfer-receptacle 126. The compressive grippingelements 160 may be biased into an open or a closed position, anddriveable to an open or closed configuration, respectively, forcapturing or releasing a bulb 2 respectively, for example by pneumatics.The compressive gripping elements 160 may be conveniently biased usingsprings or elastic material, such as an elastic band or hoop, which maypreferably be provided at their proximal ends 164. Preferably thecompressive gripping elements 160 are biased into a closed or holdingposition.

In some embodiments, the bulb aperture 144 of the bulb receptor 128 mayalso be provided with a negative internal pressure to provide additionalclutching of a held bulb 2.

FIGS. 7C to 7D show the bulb-receptor 128 of FIG. 7B with a bulb 2 heldby the compressive gripping elements 160.

FIGS. 7E to 7F show the bulb-receptor 128 of FIGS. 7C and 7D ejectingthe bulb 2 from the bulb receptor 128 for placement and/or impalementinto a holder, such as a pin-bearing tray or crate 4, 6. The bulbaperture 144 is comprised upon a telescoping cylinder 168. To place orimpale a held bulb 2, the telescoping cylinder 168 is extended, forcingthe bulb 2 out of the hold of the compressive gripping elements 160.

FIG. 7G shows an array of the bulb-receptors 128 of FIG. 7B forming atransfer receptacle 126. Fourteen bulb-receptors 28 are shown, however,any practical number may be used.

FIG. 7H shows transfer-receptacles 126 a, 126 b each comprisingsingle-file arrays of the bulb-receptors 128 shown in FIG. 7B. Thebulb-receptors 128 of transfer-receptacle 126 a in transfer-receptacle126 a are initially in a vertically inverted orientation, and receivevertically inverted bulbs 2 from a pick-and-place head 12, in ashoot-first, roots-last orientation from above. The bulbs 2 are receivedinto the bulb-receptors 128 shoot-first, and are clutched thereinbetween compressive gripping elements 160 within each bulb-receptor 128.

Once the array of bulb-receptors 128 is filled with bulbs 2 by thepick-and-place head 12, the array of bulb-receptors 128 rotatevertically through 180° to take on an upright orientation. The thenupright bulbs 2 are impaled upon upstanding pins within supplied trays 4or crates 6 below the transfer-receptacle. The picking, placing andimpaling is repeated to fill supplied trays 4 or crates 6. Once filledto the desired level, the trays 4 or crates 6, are transported to bulbgrowth environment for hydroponic blooming.

An alternative embodiment of the pick-and-place head is shown in FIG. 8,which pick-and-place head 12 is additionally suitable for directlyimpaling picked bulbs 2 into a pin-bearing holder 4, 6, without firsthanding-off to transfer-receptacle 28.

The pick-and-place head 12 is similar to that of FIGS. 4 and 5, with theaddition of a shoot-side abutment provided in the form a framecomprising elongate abutment members 52 with radially extending faces,which can be brought into abutment with a grasped bulb 2, as shown inFIG. 9. Distal end-faces of the abutment members 52 abut an uppersurface 46 of the bulb 2 adjacent but not in contact with the shoot 16.The radially extending faces can abut the top 46 of the bulb 2.Alternatively a ring may be used, the shoot portion of the bulb passingthrough the rings open centre, and the ring abutting the upper surface46 of the bulb 2.

In this embodiment the picked bulb 2 of FIG. 8 is reoriented to asubstantially upright orientation, as shown in FIG. 9, while gripped bythe pick-and-place head. The bulb 2 can then be placed into an uprightholder, such as a pin-bearing tray or crate 4, 6.

According to this embodiment, the robot arm 14 moves the pick-and-placehead 12 along with the grasped bulb 2 away from the bulb supply surfaceinto an open volume where bulb 2 is rotated about 90° about axis Xtranslating the bulb 2 from a generally horizontal orientation to agenerally vertical orientation, and upright (roots downward ready forimpalement in a tray or crate 4, 6.

The robot arm simultaneously, or thereafter, positions thepick-and-place head 12 at pre-impalement coordinates above a tray orcrate 4, 6.

The pick-and-place head descends to impale the bulb 2 upon upstandingpins of the tray or crate 4, 6, during which action the bulb 2 abuts theabutment members 52.

Finally, the pick-and-place head 12 is carried away from the cutting bythe robot arm 14, and impalement of the bulb 2 within the crate, tray 4,6 is complete.

The above steps are repeated to fill the tray or crate with impaledbulbs.

FIG. 10 shows a system provided with four pick and place apparatuses 8similar to that of FIG. 3 with the addition of a bulb supply system1000. The bulb supply system 1000 supplies in a controlled manner, bulbs2 to the pick and place apparatus 8. Bulbs 2 are supplied in regularlyspaced single-file fashion to the pick and place apparatus 8 via thesingle-file conveyor 10 (an example of an elongate transport conveyor)running in a direction from the supply system 1000 to the pickinglocation; direction X in FIGS. 11 to 14.

The bulb supply system 1000 comprises a supply tray 1002 and a bulbspacer 1016.

As can be seen in FIGS. 11, 13 and 14, the supply tray 1002 comprises aseries of bulb supply lanes 1004. The supply lanes 1004 are preferablyparallel, and are gravity driven chutes or slides along which bulbs 2can fall in single-file toward the single-file conveyor belt 10. Supplytray 1002 may be vibrated or shaken to motivate the bulbs 2 along thesupply chutes 1004. As can be seen in FIG. 11B, the lateral supply tray1002 is angled downwardly toward the single-file conveyor belt 10.

The supply tray 1002 supplies bulbs generally laterally to thesingle-file conveyor 10 along direction Y in FIGS. 11C and 14A; that is,to a side thereof of the single-file conveyor 10, rather than to an end.

The supply tray 1002 is further provided with an operable end barrier1006, operable to selectively block or release/supply individual bulbs 2per supply lane 1004 to the single-file conveyor 10. A more detaileddiscussion is provided in relation to FIGS. 13 to 15.

The bulb supply system 1000 is further provided with a bulb spacer 1016,which as can be seen in FIGS. 11, 12 and 14 has a flight carrier 1018,preferably in the form of a continuous belt of chain, that carries aplurality of spaced interference flights 1020.

The interference flights 1020 extend into, and interfere with, thevolume of space above the single-file conveyor 10. That is, theyinterfere in the bulb carrying volume of the transport-conveyor 10. Inthis way a series of discrete bulb carrying volumes are formed by theintra-flight volumes 1022. The flights 1020 are spaced to createintra-flight volumes 1022 large enough to accommodate the bulbs 2supplied by the supply tray 1002.

The interference flights 1020 are compelled by the flight carrier 1018through the bulb-carrying volume above the single-file conveyor 10. Theflight carrier 1018 is propelled in direction Z shown in FIG. 11.

When in the bulb-carrying volume, the interference flights 1020 arecompelled in the same direction as the single-file conveyor 10, namelyin the direction of arrow X in FIGS. 11 and 13. Preferably, however, theinterference flights 1020 proceed more slowly than the single-fileconveyor 10 such that the bulbs 2 on the single-file conveyor 10 tend togain or catch-up with the rear side 1024 of the interference flights1020 prior to their passage to the picking zone. In this manner, thebulbs 2 are given a regular spacing in accordance with a rear surface ofthe interference flights 1020. While in contact with the rear side 1024the bulbs 2 will tend to slide or slip over the conveyor 10 which thentravels faster than them.

As can be seen in FIGS. 11 through 15, especially FIGS. 11 to 12, theinterference flights 1018 may be advantageously contoured on their rearside 1024 to cup bulbs 2 as the bulbs 2 come into abutment therewith.This advantageously aids in shifting the bulbs 2 to a desired transverseposition on the single-file conveyer 10, typically to a middle-line ofthe conveyor 10 in the direction of travel.

Referring to FIGS. 13A and 13B, the supply tray 1002 is shown in greaterdetail, in particular the operable barrier 1006 for selective release ofbulbs 2 supply lanes 1004 to the single-file conveyor 10.

The barrier 1006 comprises a moveable divider 1008 and a moveabledivider-shifter 1010 upstream of the divider 1008. The divider 1008 anddivider-shifter 1010 are reciprocally lowered or raised to either blockor allow passage of a bulb 2 toward the conveyor 10.

The process of selectively supplying a single bulb 2 from each supplylane 1004 is illustrated in FIGS. 14A to 14C. In FIG. 14A, the barrier1008 is raised blocking passage of bulbs 2 in the direction of theconveyor 10. The shift barrier 1010 is lowered allowing a bulb 2 fromeach of the supply lanes 1004 to move onto its upper surface 1012 undergravity. In FIG. 14A, the intra-flight volumes 1022 are empty, andsupply of bulbs 2 to those volumes can proceed.

In FIG. 14B, following FIG. 14A, the barrier 1008 is lowered allowingpassage of bulbs 2 in the direction of the conveyor 10 through v-shapedrecesses in its upper profile. The shift barrier 1010 is raised,blocking the supply lanes 1004, but shifting the bulb 2 upon its uppersurface upwards and towards the conveyor 10 such that it clears thebarrier 1008. The upper surface of the shift barrier 1010 is preferablyangled toward the conveyor 10 to propel the bulbs 2 in the direction Ytoward the conveyor 10.

In FIG. 14C the bulbs 2 have entered the intra-flight volumes 1022 andare transported in direction X toward the picking zone. The barrier 1008is re-raised, the shift-barrier 1010 is lowered, and as the bulbs 2 aretransported away, empty intra-flight volumes are again brought intoregistration with the supply lanes 1004 to again arrive at the status ofFIG. 14A.

The barrier 1008 and barrier-shifter 1010 have a generally serratedupper profile, with spacing or recesses allowing passage of bulbs 2. Theserrated profile may aid in maintaining alignment and position of thebulbs 2 passing the operable barrier 1006.

FIGS. 15A and 15B further illustrate the process discussed and shown forFIGS. 14A to 14C.

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 15, the supply tray 1002 is further providedwith a series of return transports in the form of return conveyors 1030running in the −Y direction away from the single-file conveyor 10. Thereturn conveyors 1030 collect and recover excess bulbs 2 or detritusthat overflows the supply lanes 1004 or may otherwise collect at theoperable barrier 1006, ensuring free operation of the barrier mechanism,and individual bulb supply.

The invention has been described by reference to certain embodimentsdiscussed above. It will be recognized that these embodiments aresusceptible to various modifications and alternative forms well known tothose of skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have beendescribed, these are examples only and are not limiting upon the scopeof the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

Clauses

The following clauses refer to various aspects of the invention.

-   Clause 1. A Method of picking and placing bulbs, comprising:    -   supplying a plurality of bulbs on a supply surface of a bulbs        supply system;    -   identifying a bulb as suitable for pick up,    -   picking said identified bulb from the supply surface with a        pick-and-place head;    -   reorienting the picked bulb; and    -   placing the reoriented bulb into a holder, preferably a pin        bearing holder,

wherein the method comprises:

-   -   identifying a major axis of the identified bulb,    -   identifying and selecting a minor axis of the identified bulb,        said minor axis being substantially perpendicular to the major        axis, and wherein the step of picking said identified bulb        comprises the pick-and-place head gripping said identified bulb        at opposed ends of said minor axis, and the step of reorienting        the picked bulb comprises shifting the major axis.

-   Clause 2. The method of clause 1 wherein the step of reorienting the    picked bulb comprises shifting the major axis toward a substantially    vertical orientation.

-   Clause 3. The method of any preceding clause wherein the step of    reorientation of the picked bulb, comprises rotation of the picked    bulb about said minor axis, while gripped by the pick-and-place    head.

-   Clause 4. The method of any preceding clause wherein the picked bulb    is reoriented to a substantially inverted orientation, while gripped    by the pick-and-place head.

-   Clause 5. The method of any of any preceding clause further    comprising the step of placing said gripped bulb, shoot-first and    roots-last, into a transfer-receptable, said transfer-receptacle    comprising a support surface abutting and supporting the bulb    adjacent a shoot of the bulb.

-   Clause 6. The method of clause 5 wherein the transfer-receptable    comprises an aperture defined by an edge, wherein the aperture is    sized to receive the bulb-shoot and abut an upper surface of the    bulb adjacent to the shoot, preferably about the shoot.

-   Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 6 to 7 wherein the    transfer-receptacle applies an internal negative pressure to hold    the bulb in said aperture and in abutment with said edge and/or    wherein the transfer-receptacle is provided with compressive    gripping elements to hold the bulb in said aperture.

-   Clause 8. The method of any of clauses 5 to 7 wherein the picked    bulb is placed into the transfer-receptacle in a substantially    inverted orientation, optionally wherein the method further    comprises the step of reorienting the transfer-receptacle to upright    the bulb, and preferably the step of impaling a rooted base of the    bulb onto upstanding pins in said pin bearing holder.

-   Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 5 to 7 wherein the picked    bulb is placed into the transfer-receptacle in a substantially    upright orientation, optionally wherein the method further comprises    the step of reorienting the transfer-receptacle to invert the bulb,    and preferably the step of impaling a rooted base of the bulb onto    upstanding pins in said pin bearing holder.

-   Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4 wherein the picked    bulb is reoriented to a substantially upright orientation, while    gripped by the pick-and-place head.

-   Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4 or 10, wherein the    holder is a pin-beraing holder, and further comprising the step of    moving the pick-and-place head with gripped bulb toward said    pin-bearing holder, and impaling the bulb onto upstanding pins in    the pin-bearing holder, wherein the method comprises providing a    shoot-side support to the picked and reoriented bulb during    impalement, preferably wherein the shoot-side support comprises a    bulb abutment surface adjacent but spaced from the shoot, preferably    the abutment surface comprises a partial ring, a full ring, a frame    or a scaffold.

-   Clause 12. A pick-and-place head for picking and placing bulbs,    comprising a grasper wherein said grasper comprises opposed grasping    surfaces for grasping a bulb therebetween, at least one of said    grasping surfaces being actively rotatable to rotate a grasped bulb    about a minor axis of said bulb.

-   Clause 13. The pick-and-place head of clause 12, further comprising    at least one bulb-support element against which a grasped bulb    abuts, at least during an impalement upon pins.

-   Clause 14. The pick-and-place head of clause 13 wherein said    bulb-support element comprises one or more selected from the group    consisting of a partial ring, a full ring, a frame or a scaffold.

-   Clause 15. The pick-and-place head of any of clauses 13 to 14    wherein the bulb-support element has a bulb engagement configuration    and a bulb non-engagement configuration.

-   Clause 16. The pick-and-place head of any of clauses 13 to 15,    wherein the pick-and-place head comprises a grasper comprising two    opposed grasper members for grasping upon a portion of the    identified bulb; preferably wherein the grasper comprises at least    one elongate member, and one of the two opposed grasping surfaces    forms an inner surface of the elongate member, preferably wherein    the grasper comprises two opposed, elongate members the two opposed    grasping surfaces being provided on the opposed elongate members.

-   Clause 17. A robotic carrier comprising a pick-and-place head    according to any of clauses 12 to 16, preferably wherein the robotic    carrier is a robotic arm.

-   Clause 18. A Method of picking and placing bulbs, comprising:    -   supplying a plurality of bulbs upon a supply surface of a bulbs        supply system;    -   identifying a bulb as suitable for individual pick up,    -   picking said identified bulb from the supply surface, with a        pick-and-place head;    -   reorienting the picked bulb; and    -   placing the reoriented bulb, roots-first, into a holder,        preferably wherein the holder is a pin-bearing holder and the        reoriented bulb is impaled roots-first, onto pins in the        pin-bearing,    -   wherein the method comprises:    -   transferring the picked bulb from the pick-and-place head,        shoot-first and roots-last, to a transfer-receptacle comprising        at least one bulb-receptor, wherein said bulb-receptor        temporarily clutches said bulb.

-   Clause 19. The method of clause 18, comprising the steps of:    -   providing the transfer-receptacle in a first orientation and        placing said picked bulb into said at least one bulb-receptor,        shoot-first and roots last;    -   rotating said transfer-receptacle in a vertical plane to a        second orientation in which the bulb clutched in the        bulb-receptor is at an attitude from substantially horizontal to        substantially upright, prior to the impaling step; and    -   wherein the method comprises the step of impaling the bulb in        said holder while the bulb is the bulb-receptor.

-   Clause 20. The apparatus of any of clauses 18 to 19 wherein said at    least one bulb-receptor comprises an aperture defined by a rim, and    a negative pressure is applied in the aperture to clutch the bulb    against the aperture rim, preferably wherein the bulb-receptor is a    suction cup; and/or wherein said at least one bulb-receptor    comprises an aperture defined by a rim and a compressive gripping    elements are provided to hold the bulb in said aperture.

-   Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 18 to 20 wherein the picked    bulb is transferred in a substantially inverted orientation, and    placed atop the transfer-receptable, and the method comprises the    steps of reorienting the transfer-receptacle to upright the bulb,    and thereafter placing the upright bulb into a holder, preferably    impaling the upright bulb onto upstanding pins in a pin-bearing    holder; while the bulb is clutched in said bulb-receptor.

-   Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 18 to 21, wherein a    plurality of bulb-receptors are provided, and a plurality of    bulb-receptor apertures are occupied with bulbs prior to impaling    those bulbs.

-   Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 18 to 22, comprising    repetition of the picking and placement steps to arrange more than    one bulb in the holder, preferably 5 or more bulbs, preferably 10 or    more bulbs, preferably 50 or more bulbs.

-   Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 1 to 11 or 18 to 23 wherein    the picked bulb is rotated to have its major axis within 50° of    vertical, preferably within 40°, preferably within 30°, preferably    within 20°, preferably within 10°, more preferably within 10° and    most preferably substantially vertical.

-   Clause 25. A transfer-receptable for receiving bulbs, comprising:

an array of bulb-receptors configured to temporarily clutch a pluralityof bulbs, wherein said bulb-receptors are each configured to receive abulb-shoot and abut an upper surface of the bulb adjacent to the shoot,preferably about the shoot.

-   Clause 26. The transfer-receptacle of clause 25 further comprising a    source of negative pressure, preferably a pump, in communication    with the bulb-receptors, to clutch said bulbs in abutment with the    edges of the apertures; and/or comprising one more compressive    gripping elements to hold said bulbs.-   Clause 27. The transfer receptacle of any of clauses 25 to 26,    wherein the array of bulb-receptors is vertically rotatable,    preferably rotatable between an orientation in which clutched bulbs    are inverted, to an orientation in which clutched bulbs are upright.-   Clause 28. Apparatus for picking and placing bulbs, comprising:    -   a bulbs supply system for supplying a plurality of bulbs;    -   a camera system for identifying the orientation of supplied        bulbs using pattern recognition; and at least one of:    -   a robotic carrier in accordance with clause 17; and/or    -   a transfer-receptacle in accordance with any of clauses 25 to        27.-   Clause 29. The apparatus of clause 28 comprising both of a robotic    carrier in accordance with clause 17 and a transfer receptacle in    accordance with any of clauses 25 to 27; further comprising a supply    of pin bearing hydroponic holders; and    -   wherein the transfer-receptacle and the holder supply system are        configured for relative movement to impale bulbs in the pin        bearing holders.-   Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 1 to 11 and 18 to 24 wherein    the pick-and-place head is in accordance with any of clauses 12 to    16.-   Clause 31. The method of any of clauses 6 to 9 and 18 to 24 wherein    the transfer-receptacle is in accordance with any of clauses 24 to    27.-   Clause 32. A bulb supply system comprising:    -   an elongate transport-conveyor comprising a bulb-carrying volume        through which bulbs are to be compelled;    -   a plurality of spaced interference-flights adjacent to and        intruding into said bulb-carrying volume;    -   a bulb-feeder arranged to supply bulbs laterally to the elongate        transport-conveyor.-   Clause 33. The bulb supply system of clause 32, wherein the    interference-flights are attached to a common flight carrier element    arranged to compel the interference flights through the    bulb-carrying volume.-   Clause 34. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 33,    wherein the flights interfere with the bulb carrying volume of the    transport-conveyor, dividing the bulb carrying volume into a series    of discrete, intra-flight volumes proceeding from upstream toward    the downstream direction-   Clause 35. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 34,    further comprising a controller, wherein relative speeds of the    flights and the transport conveyor are different to one another.-   Clause 36. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 35,    wherein the speed of the flights is less than that of the transport    conveyor.-   Clause 37. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 36,    wherein one or more of the interference-flights are shaped on at    least a rear side thereof to cup or cradle bulbs.-   Clause 38. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 37,    wherein the speed of the flights and the transport-conveyor are    independently variable.-   Clause 39. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 38,    wherein the bulb-feeder is arranged to supply bulbs laterally to the    elongate transport-conveyor.-   Clause 40. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32-39, wherein    the bulb-feeder comprises a supply tray comprising a series of    supply lanes, which supply lanes compel bulbs carried by them    towards the elongate transport-conveyor.-   Clause 41. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32-40, wherein    an operable barrier is provided to selectively control passage of    bulbs from the supply tray to the elongate transport-conveyor.-   Clause 42. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32-40, wherein    the operable barrier is preferably provided with a first moveable    barrier and a shift-barrier adjacent and upstream of the first    moveable barrier.-   Clause 43. The bulb supply system of clause 42 wherein the    shift-barrier has an upper surface upon which a bulb may temporarily    rest when the shift-barrier is in a retracted position.-   Clause 44. The bulb supply system of clauses 43 wherein the    shift-barrier upper surface is angled to propel a bulb toward the    transport conveyor.-   Clause 45. The bulb supply system of any of clauses 32 to 44,    wherein one or more return-conveyors are provided adjacent one or    more supply lanes.-   Clause 46. A method for transporting discrete bulbs along a path,    the method comprising the steps of:    -   a. providing a plurality of spaced interference-flights adjacent        to and intruding into a bulb-carrying volume of an elongate        transport-conveyor;    -   b. supplying bulbs into intra-flight volumes;    -   c. transporting the bulbs of step b. along the transport        conveyor.-   Clause 47. The method of clause 46, wherein the bulbs are fed    substantially laterally to the elongate transport conveyor.-   Clause 48. The method of any of clauses 46 to 47, wherein the    interference-flights are preferably compelled more slowly than the    transport conveyor.-   Clause 49. The method of any of clauses 46 to 48, wherein the    transport conveyor is a single-file transport conveyor for bulbs.-   Clause 50. The method of any of clauses 46 to 49, wherein the method    further includes the step of transporting the bulbs to a downstream    bulb handling system, preferably wherein the downstream handling    system is a pick and place apparatus in accordance with clause 28.

1. A method of picking and placing bulbs, comprising: supplying aplurality of bulbs on a supply surface of a bulbs supply system;identifying a bulb as suitable for pick up, picking said identified bulbfrom the supply surface with a pick-and-place head; reorienting thepicked bulb; and placing the reoriented bulb into a holder, preferably apin bearing holder, wherein the method comprises: identifying a majoraxis of the identified bulb, identifying and selecting a minor axis ofthe identified bulb, said minor axis being substantially perpendicularto the major axis, and wherein the step of picking said identified bulbcomprises the pick-and-place head gripping said identified bulb atopposed ends of said minor axis, and the step of reorienting the pickedbulb comprises shifting the major axis.
 2. The method of claim 1 whereinthe step of reorienting the picked bulb comprises shifting the majoraxis toward a substantially vertical orientation.
 3. The method of claim1 wherein the step of reorientation of the picked bulb comprisesrotation of the picked bulb about said minor axis while gripped by thepick-and-place head.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the picked bulb isreoriented to a substantially inverted orientation while gripped by thepick-and-place head.
 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising thestep of transferring the picked bulb from the pick-and-place head,shoot-first and roots-last, to a transfer-receptacle comprising at leastone bulb-receptor, wherein said bulb-receptor temporarily clutches saidbulb.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising providing thetransfer-receptacle in a first orientation and placing said picked bulbinto said at least one bulb-receptor, shoot-first and roots last;rotating said transfer-receptacle in a vertical plane to a secondorientation in which the bulb clutched in the bulb-receptor is at anattitude from substantially horizontal to substantially upright, priorto the impaling step; and wherein the method comprises the step ofimpaling the bulb in said holder while the bulb is the bulb-receptor. 7.The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of placing saidgripped bulb, shoot-first and roots-last, into a transfer-receptable. 8.The method of claim 7 wherein the transfer-receptacle applies aninternal negative pressure to hold the bulb or wherein thetransfer-receptacle is provided with compressive gripping elements tohold the bulb in said aperture.
 9. The method of claim 7 wherein thepicked bulb is placed into the transfer-receptacle in a substantiallyinverted orientation, optionally wherein the method further comprisesthe step of reorienting the transfer-receptacle to upright the bulb, andpreferably the step of impaling a rooted base of the bulb ontoupstanding pins in said pin bearing holder.
 10. The method of claim 7wherein the picked bulb is placed into the transfer-receptacle in asubstantially upright orientation, optionally wherein the method furthercomprises the step of reorienting the transfer-receptacle to invert thebulb, and preferably the step of impaling a rooted base of the bulb ontoupstanding pins in said pin bearing holder.
 11. The method of claim 1wherein the picked bulb is reoriented to a substantially uprightorientation, while gripped by the pick-and-place head.
 12. The method ofany of claim 1 wherein the holder is a pin-bearing holder, and furthercomprising the step of moving the pick-and-place head with gripped bulbtoward said pin-bearing holder, and impaling the bulb onto upstandingpins in the pin-bearing holder, wherein the method comprises providing ashoot-side support to the picked and reoriented bulb during impalement,preferably wherein the shoot-side support comprises a bulb abutmentsurface adjacent but spaced from the shoot, preferably the abutmentsurface comprises a partial ring, a full ring, a frame or a scaffold.13. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of supplying a plurality ofbulbs comprises the steps of: providing a plurality of spacedinterference-flights adjacent to and intruding into a bulb-carryingvolume of an elongate transport-conveyor; supplying bulbs intointra-flight volumes; and transporting bulbs along the transportconveyor.
 14. A pick-and-place head for picking and placing bulbs,comprising a grasper wherein said grasper comprises opposed graspingsurfaces for grasping a bulb therebetween, at least one of said graspingsurfaces being actively rotatable to rotate a grasped bulb about a minoraxis of said bulb.
 15. The pick-and-place head of claim 14, furthercomprising at least one bulb-support element against which a graspedbulb abuts, at least during an impalement upon pins.
 16. Thepick-and-place head of claim 15 wherein said bulb-support elementcomprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a partialring, a full ring, a frame or a scaffold.
 17. The pick-and-place head ofclaim 16 wherein the bulb-support element has a bulb engagementconfiguration and a bulb non-engagement configuration.
 18. Thepick-and-place head of claim 15 wherein the pick-and-place headcomprises a grasper comprising two opposed grasper members for graspingupon a portion of the identified bulb; preferably wherein the graspercomprises at least one elongate member, and one of the two opposedgrasping surfaces forms an inner surface of the elongate member,preferably wherein the grasper comprises two opposed, elongate membersthe two opposed grasping surfaces being provided on the opposed elongatemembers.
 19. A robotic carrier comprising a pick-and-place headaccording to claim 15 preferably wherein the robotic carrier is arobotic arm.
 20. Apparatus for picking and placing bulbs, comprising: abulbs supply system for supplying a plurality of bulbs; a camera systemfor identifying the orientation of supplied bulbs using patternrecognition; and at least one of: a robotic carrier in accordance withclaim
 19. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising atransfer-receptable for receiving bulbs, comprising: an array ofbulb-receptors configured to temporarily clutch a plurality of bulbs,wherein said bulb-receptors are each configured to receive a bulb-shootand abut an upper surface of the bulb adjacent to the shoot, preferablyabout the shoot.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising asupply of pin bearing hydroponic holders; wherein thetransfer-receptacle and the holder supply system are configured forrelative movement to impale bulbs in the pin bearing holders.
 23. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the bulb supply system comprises: anelongate transport-conveyor comprising a bulb-carrying volume throughwhich bulbs are to be compelled; a plurality of spacedinterference-flights adjacent to and intruding into said bulb-carryingvolume; a bulb-feeder arranged to supply bulbs laterally to the elongatetransport-conveyor.